Not a day goes by without at least a couple of questions from folks about the dreaded Mr. Sulfite. He’s been blamed for everything from headaches to impotence, and it’s just not fair. So today I thought I’d share with you an e-mail I received from one of my distributors, which succinctly and completely addresses what sulfites are, and what they can or can’t do to you. I was relieved to see that everything I’ve been telling you guys about sulfites is accurate. So “phew.” We were right.
I hope that you take five minutes to check this information out. It goes a long way to clearing up a lot of misconceptions.
Cheers!

Sulfites- sulfur dioxide (SO2) are a naturally occurring compound that nature uses to prevent microbial
growth. This preservative is widely used in winemaking in order to maintain a wines freshness. Sulfites are found on grapes, onions, garlic, and on many other growing plants. No wine can ever be “sulfite free”, since they come in with the grapes. The easy way to see if sulfites are a problem for you is to eat a food high in natural sulfites – say, dried apricots. On average, 2oz of dried apricots have 10 times the sulfites as a glass of wine does. Wow!Winemakers have been adding additional sulfites to wines for millenia. The Greeks and Romans used sulfur
candles to sterilize their wine barrels and amphorae. Sulfur protects damage to the wine by oxygen. This allows the wine to “last longer” too, which lets it age and develop all of those complex flavors we all love and enjoy so
much. If you didn’t add sulfites, the wine would turn into vinegar in a matter of months.Remember that a wine without added sulfites cannot last long, however. Usually 18 months is the longest a
sulfite-free wine would survive. This includes the time the wine spent at the winery, at the wine shop as well as in your basement! So while no-sulfites-added is fine for “drink young” wines like Chardonnay, it would not be good for a “drink in a year” wine like a Cabernet Sauvignon.Consumption of sulfites is generally harmless, unless you suffer from severe asthma or do not have the particular enzymes
necessary to break down sulfites in your body. The amount of sulfites that a wine can contain is highly regulated around the world. The ATF, the governing body for wineries in the US, allows wineries to call a wine sulfite free when the levels of sulfites are under 10 parts per million (ppm). This is much lower than many sulfite-rich foods like dried apricots.
Let’s take the Sulfite Challenge:
Red Wine has extra Sulfites and therefore causes headaches?
Around the world the maximum levels of sulfur dioxide that a wine can contain are 160 ppm for red wine, 210 ppm for white wine and 400 ppm for sweet wines.
Surprising fact Red wine contains less sulfites then white. Yes! Red wines contain tannin, which is a stabilizing agent. Additionally, almost all red wines go through malolactic fermentation. Therefore, less sulfur dioxide is needed to protect the wine during winemaking and maturation.
Sulfites in wine cause headaches?
Medical research is not definitive on the relationship between sulfites and headaches. There are many other compounds in wine such as histamines and tannins that are more likely connected to the headache effect (not to mention alcohol).
Another surprising fact is that wine contains about 10 times less sulfites than most dried fruits, which can have levels up to 1000 ppm. So if you regularly eat dried fruit and do not have any adverse reaction you are probably not allergic to sulfites.
Sulfites are inherently unnatural?
Sulfites are a natural by-product of the yeast metabolism during fermentation. So even if you do not add any additionaly S02, your wine will still contain sulfites.
So then why do some wines give you headaches?
Well now that we ruled out Sulfites, histamines is likely the cause of this discomfort. Red wines have higher levels of histamines than whites, since the histamines are in the skins of the wine and red wines spend time macerating on their skins to extract pigment, tannin and flavors.